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21.
The Crisis Map of the Czech Republic: the nationwide deployment of an Ushahidi application for disasters 下载免费PDF全文
Crisis mapping is a legitimate component of both crisis informatics and disaster risk management. It has become an effective tool for humanitarian workers, especially after the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Ushahidi is among the many mapping platforms on offer in the growing field of crisis mapping, and involves the application of crowdsourcing to create online and interactive maps of areas in turmoil. This paper presents the Crisis Map of the Czech Republic, which is the first such instrument to be deployed nationwide in Central Europe. It describes the methodologies used in the preparatory work phase and details some practices identified during the creation and actual employment of the map. In addition, the paper assesses its structure and technological architecture, as well as its potential possible development in the future. Lastly, it evaluates the utilisation of the Crisis Map during the floods in the Czech Republic in 2013. 相似文献
22.
Hideaki Shibata Cristina Branquinho William H. McDowell Myron J. Mitchell Don T. Monteith Jianwu Tang Lauri Arvola Cristina Cruz Daniela F. Cusack Lubos Halada Ji?í Kopá?ek Cristina Máguas Samson Sajidu Hendrik Schubert Naoko Tokuchi Jaroslav Záhora 《Ambio》2015,44(3):178-193
Anthropogenically derived nitrogen (N) has a central role in global environmental changes, including climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution, greenhouse gas emission, water pollution, as well as food production and human health. Current understanding of the biogeochemical processes that govern the N cycle in coupled human–ecological systems around the globe is drawn largely from the long-term ecological monitoring and experimental studies. Here, we review spatial and temporal patterns and trends in reactive N emissions, and the interactions between N and other important elements that dictate their delivery from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, and the impacts of N on biodiversity and human society. Integrated international and long-term collaborative studies covering research gaps will reduce uncertainties and promote further understanding of the nitrogen cycle in various ecosystems. 相似文献
23.
Summary The influence of resident females on the settling patterns of subsequent females was examined for marsh wrens (Cistothorus palustris). Proportionally more females responded to a playback of a female intruder during the pre-laying stage than during the laying
and incubation stages. The strength of the response was also greatest during pre-laying and laying stages (Table 1). Female
wrens did not settle randomly with respect to the presence of other females, but rather settled with bachelor males more often
than predicted by chance (Table 3). Female settlement within territories was more asynchronous than settlement between territories.
An attempt to fit these data to two models of female settlement suggested that prospecting females were not displaced by residents,
but rather avoided settling with mated males (Table 3). Females within territories were also more dispersed than predicted
by chance, a pattern that may be enforced through aggression on the part of the resident female. Staggered settlement reduces
the overlap in nestling stages of harem mates and so may be a strategy to reduce competition for resources at this critical
stage. 相似文献
24.
Jaroslav Hynt Miloslav imek Petr Br
ek Sren O. Petersen 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):269-279
Cattle overwintering areas common in central Europe may represent significant point sources of the important greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A 2-year field study was carried out in order to estimate the emissions of N2O and CO2 from soil in a cattle overwintering area located in the southwest of the Czech Republic. The measurements were performed at three sampling locations along a gradient of animal impact (severe, moderate, slight) to test the hypothesis that emissions of CO2 and N2O are positively related to the degree of impact. In addition to CO2 and N2O fluxes determined by using non-vented manual closed chambers, soil mineral nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3−), pH and temperature were determined to assess their regulatory role and impact on gas fluxes. The overwintering area was about 4 ha and it had been used for overwintering of about 90 cows since 1995. Deposition of animal excreta resulted in a significant accumulation of nitrogen in the soil during winter, but most of the N2O was emitted during a few short periods in spring and/or in late autumn. Maximum N2O fluxes of up to 2.5 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 were recorded at the most impacted location near the animal house, where the highest concentrations of soil mineral nitrogen also occurred. The emissions of CO2 showed a completely different pattern to those of N2O, being correlated with soil temperature; the highest emissions thus occurred in June–July, while very low fluxes were found in winter. Emission values ranged from about 0 to 700 mg C-CO2 m−2 h−1. Furthermore, the effect of animal impact on CO2 emissions was opposite to that on N2O fluxes, as the highest CO2 fluxes were mostly recorded at the least impacted location, where respiration of plants most likely increased overall CO2 production. The results show that cattle overwintering areas are important sources of greenhouse gases, including N2O and CO2. Fluxes of these two gases are, however, differently distributed over the year, which also suggests that they are controlled by different environmental and soil factors. 相似文献
25.
Švec Roman Martinát Stanislav Pícha Kamil Klusáček Petr Knotek Jaroslav Schaefer Justin Calvin Březinová Monika Navrátil Josef 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):15074-15099
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Our aim is to determine the factors influencing a visitor’s decision to stay in a green accommodation facility. Visitors from six tourist sites... 相似文献
26.
John Munthe Eva Brorström-Lundén Magnus Rahmberg Leo Posthuma Rolf Altenburger Werner Brack Dirk Bunke Guy Engelen Bernd Manfred Gawlik Jos van Gils David López Herráez Tomas Rydberg Jaroslav Slobodnik Annemarie van Wezel 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2017,29(1):13
Background
This paper describes a conceptual framework for solutions-focused management of chemical contaminants built on novel and systematic approaches for identifying, quantifying and reducing risks of these substances.Methods
The conceptual framework was developed in interaction with stakeholders representing relevant authorities and organisations responsible for managing environmental quality of water bodies. Stakeholder needs were compiled via a survey and dialogue. The content of the conceptual framework was thereafter developed with inputs from relevant scientific disciplines.Results
The conceptual framework consists of four access points: Chemicals, Environment, Abatement and Society, representing different aspects and approaches to engaging in the issue of chemical contamination of surface waters. It widens the scope for assessment and management of chemicals in comparison to a traditional (mostly) perchemical risk assessment approaches by including abatement- and societal approaches as optional solutions. The solution-focused approach implies an identification of abatement- and policy options upfront in the risk assessment process. The conceptual framework was designed for use in current and future chemical pollution assessments for the aquatic environment, including the specific challenges encountered in prioritising individual chemicals and mixtures, and is applicable for the development of approaches for safe chemical management in a broader sense. The four access points of the conceptual framework are interlinked by four key topics representing the main scientific challenges that need to be addressed, i.e.: identifying and prioritising hazardous chemicals at different scales; selecting relevant and efficient abatement options; providing regulatory support for chemicals management; predicting and prioritising future chemical risks. The conceptual framework aligns current challenges in the safe production and use of chemicals. The current state of knowledge and implementation of these challenges is described.Conclusions
The use of the conceptual framework, and addressing the challenges, is intended to support: (1) forwarding sustainable use of chemicals, (2) identification of pollutants of priority concern for cost-effective management, (3) the selection of optimal abatement options and (4) the development and use of optimised legal and policy instruments.27.
Ivana Jankovská Daniela Miholová Iva Langrová Vladimír Bejček Jaroslav Vadlejch Dana Kolihová Miloslav Šulc 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2584-2586
Bioaccumulation of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in small terrestrial rodents – voles and their cestode parasite Paranoplocephala dentata was studied. Contents of Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn in the parasite were found to be higher than in the kidney and liver of the parasitized animals. Lead level in the cestode was 37 fold higher than in the liver of the infected rodents. Bioaccumulation factors of zinc, nickel and manganese in the cestode are mostly in the range from 2 to 4.5. Considering the different contents of manganese and zinc in livers of non-parasitized and parasitized rodents, kidney tissue was found to be more reliable than liver as an indicator of environmental pollution by manganese and zinc; the kidneys of parasitized animals showed no significant change in the concentrations of those elements that are accumulated in the cestode. 相似文献
28.
Pokorná Petra Leoni Cecilia Schwarz Jaroslav Ondráček Jakub Ondráčková Lucie Vodička Petr Zíková Naděžda Moravec Pavel Bendl Jan Klán Miroslav Hovorka Jan Zhao Yongjing Cliff Steven S. Ždímal Vladimír Hopke Philip K. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38631-38643
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic with its capital city Ostrava is a European air pollution hot spot for airborne particulate matter... 相似文献
29.
Jaroslav Pochop Miroslava Kačániová Lukáš Hleba Jadža Lejková Martina Fikselová Simona Kunová 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):697-702
The aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready to eat milk and meat products with Salmonella spp. by using the StepOne real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Classical microbiological methods for detection of foodborne bacteria involve the use of pre-enrichment and/or specific enrichment, following isolation of bacteria in solid media and the final confirmation by biochemical and/or serological tests. We used the PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for isolation of DNA and MicroSEQ® Salmonella spp. Detection Kit for pursuance of the real-time PCR (Applied Biosystems). In samples without incubation we detected strain of Salmonella sp. in 5 out of 25 samples (swabs), as well as in the internal positive control (IPC), which was positive in all samples. This StepOne real-time PCR assay is extremely useful for any laboratory equipped by real-time PCR. It is a fast, reproducible, simple, specific and sensitive way to detect nucleic acids, which could be used in clinical diagnostic tests in the future. Our results indicated that real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Salmonella spp. in ready-to-eat food. This could prevent infection caused by Salmonella, and also could benefit food manufacturing companies by extending their product's shelf-life as well as saving the cost of warehousing their food products while awaiting pathogen testing results. 相似文献
30.
Jaroslav Pochop Miroslava Kačániová Lukáš Hleba L'Ubomír Lopasovský Alica Bobková Lucia Zeleňáková 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):212-216
The aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready-to-eat food with Listeria monocytogenes by using the Step One real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used the PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for isolation of DNA and MicroSEQ® Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit for the real-time PCR performance. In 30 samples of ready-to-eat milk and meat products without incubation we detected strains of Listeria monocytogenes in five samples (swabs). Internal positive control (IPC) was positive in all samples. Our results indicated that the real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food without incubation. 相似文献